Irritable bowel syndrome is a basic disorder that affects the gastrointestinal system that I involving the gut-brain axis. On the other hand, inflammatory bowel disease refers to a chronic relapse disorder that causes inflammation.  These two diseases are the most prevalent digestive disorders in theworl, and they have symptoms that are overlapping each other. This makes osme nurses to treat their symptoms as a single disease entity. The following explanations give the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disorder and irritable bowel syndrome, including similarities and differences.

The dilemma of Irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease

Irritable bowel syndrome is characterised by infected gut-brin xis and can affect someone after an enteric infection. It is also associated with persistent immune activation. These are also features of Inflammatory bowel disorder. Similarly, irritate bowel disorder is characterised by chronic relapse inflation together with immune activation. Recently, it has been found to develop altered gut microbiota.

Pathophysiological Similarities

Apart from the symptom similarities, there are several pathophysiological similarities between these two diseases. The first similarity is the brain-gut axis which is predisposed psychological comorbidity in the two disorders (Chey,  Kurlander, and Eswaran, 2015). There is the direct bidirectional interaction that exists between the nervous systems,  central nervous and the enteric nervous. The two effects modulate gut functionality. The other similarity comes in terms of the genetic factors where the TNF-SF15 gene is associated with the CD  and manly biliary cirrhosis. This protein expression acts as an autocratic factor to apoptosis and also inhibits the proliferation of the endothelial cells. Microbiota

The dysbiosis the abnormal microbiota is linked with numerous diseases such as  IBS and the IBD. The most recent studies have shown that dysbiosis index algorithm is detected in more than seventy per cent of the treatments in IBD patients and it is also detected in more than 73 per cent of the  IBS patients.

Impaired  epithelial barrier

The increased permeability of the gut increases its susceptibility t various injuries. This has been a major feature that precedes the  CD (Vila et al., 2018). The stress that is exacerbated in the IBD is also seen to cause the increased mass of the gut cells due to the increased permeability.  This happens in a manner that is similar to the  IBD related increase of the gut because of the permeability as a result of the injuries.

Differences

The most notable difference between these two disorders is there despite arguments for the considerable differences.

Facial calprotectin

The none evasive tests in the IBD have been revolutionised by the advent of the faecal calprotectin. The high levels of protection come as a result of the inflammation from the IBD.  Studies have found that IBS has a high exhibition of the greater fecal calprotectin level as compared to the faecal calprotectin level in the IBD (Vich Vila et al., 2018).

THE DIFFERENCES IN degree of inflammation

For the IBD, mucosal inflammation is slower even in clinical patients.  The IBD remission exhibits a high level of lymphocytes when compared to the IBS patients.on the contrary, IBS patients show low grades of inflammation.

Symptoms and  Inflammation Mismatch

IBD is an organic disease while IBS Is a spectrum disease that comes from the dysfunctional disorder and has no evidence of the organic makeup.  The symptoms of IBS are lo not specific.

The IBS lies in the spectrum of the function disorder.

patient factor ethnicity

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been witnessed in a diverse ethnic population. In the US, IBD has been witnessed in diverse ethnic pollution. The minority ethnic groups have been diagnosed with IBD such s the Mexican Americans.

The known genetic influences differ from the two diseases IBD subtypes [ulceratives colitis (UC) vs. Crohn’s diseases (CD)]. The other genetic factors include perinuclear antineutrophilia antibody and cerevisiae antibody that exist in the UD and CD.

References

Chey, W. D., Kurlander, J., & Eswaran, S. (2015). Irritable bowel syndrome: a clinical review. Jama, 313(9), 949-958.

Vila, A. V., Imhann, F., Collij, V., Jankipersadsing, S. A., Gurry, T., Mujagic, Z., … & Dekens, J. (2018). Gut microbiota composition and functional changes in inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Science translational medicine, 10(472), eaap8914.

Vich Vila, A., Imhann, F., Collij, V., Jankipersadsing, S. A., Gurry, T., Mujagic, Z., … & Dekens, J. (2018). OP014 Analysis of 1792 gut metagenomes reveals microbial treatment targets for inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis, 12(supplement_1), S010-S010.