Question 1

Strategies

1. The first strategy would entail assembling an interagency team that is duly qualified. The team ought to comprise individuals with sufficient knowledge regarding the problem affecting the relevant children.
2. Identification of various needs and accomplishments of children between the age of 3 and 5 years. This helps in realization of the delays being experienced by the children involved.
3. An assessment of the children’s environment should be conducted. This includes the environment that they are subjected to at home, school, and within the general community. It helps in identification of programs that would be effective to support the children.
4. The role of every member of the interagency team should be stipulated clearly. This will help avoid conflict along the way hence reducing redundancy and duplication of efforts.
5. Every child should be assessed individually to increase the probability of success.

Steps

1. The first step would be to ensure that parents of the relevant children have been consulted prior to any steps being undertaken. They must agree for their children to be involved in the process.
2. The interagency team created should have diverse professionals. This would ensure that problems are tackled from different viewpoints based on the inputs of every interagency member.
3. All the support strategies should be brought forward and analyzed. The ones that the team thinks are the best should be the ones being implemented.
4. There should be a program on how various support strategies are going to be implemented. This program should be adhered to at all times. In this respect, every team member should have a defined specific role.
5. A progress report pertaining to each support strategy should be provided after implementation of the program. Support strategies that do not show positive results should be eliminated.

Evidence-Based Practices to Support Positive Outcome for all Students

Yanuarti et al., (2014) assert that children between the age of 3 and 5 years tend to exhibit various forms of disabilities. On most occasions, they experience delays on issues pertaining to speech, reading, writing, interaction with peers among others. The aspect is mostly shaped by the environments that they have been subjected to. There is always a need to execute early intervention programs to ensure that these challenges have been dealt with at an early stage. There ought to be a thorough evaluation of the children involved in order to come up with the most appropriate intervention strategy. Use of inappropriate strategies might make things worse. Previous studies have shown that intervention programs tend to work positively when conducted in the appropriate way.

Question 2

Individual Family Service Plan (IFSP) is targeted towards young children that are experiencing various developmental delays. It only applies to children up to the age of 3 years. It tends to revolve around the family. This is mainly because the family provides a constant environment for the child during this period. As a result, most of the goals developed at this point are targeted towards the family. Children diagnosed with Autism need to receive intervention at an early age to avoid their challenges from prolonging.

In order to determine the family concerns, resources and priorities in relation to the needs of the child, there is need to collect various forms of information. Among the information to be collected is how the family views the child’s situation. Do they think that it will be permanent, or it is something that can be treated? What measures have they taken to try and see if the child would have a normal life? Information on whether they are worried on how their child would turn out. It would be favorable to assess the amount of time that the parents spend with the child. Information regarding the association of the child with his siblings will also be important. The nature of the environment they have subjected the child too I also vital. Nature of resources available in the family need to be considered too in order to determine the nature of support that might be provided.

Methods that would be used to collect information include interviews and observation. The interviews will be directed to various family members associated with the child. Most of the questions involved will be open-ended. Observation will require visiting the child’s home. Here, there will be an assessment of various things regarding his environment.

The information obtained will be helpful to the team involved with the IFSP. The information will help in making the decision on which family members will be involved with the IFSP. It should be the ones that seem more involved with the child. It would also help in the determination of the services necessary to meet the child’s needs based on the environment involved. The information would also help to decide on the appropriate periods to implement the necessary programs. Resources within the family would also help in making the decision of the most suitable intervention strategies.

Question 3

The article is all about an approach that can be used for assessment and intervention of a challenging behavior in an early education set-up. The set-up attempts to integrate a focus on early academic skills and instructional conditions development. Such an approach makes it possible to understand the social behaviors that are prevalent to a particular child. This is an important aspect for the intervention process to be successful. There is a need for vital information, which helps in the development of favorable strategies likely to make the intervention process successful. The approach also makes it easier to comprehend a child’s performance. This is important since it helps develop an intervention that would result in increased learning activity for the relevant child.

I would use the approach provided in the article based on how it has tried to relate performance and social behavior. It is true that a child’s performance is affected by his/her social behavior. That is why it is important to ensure that any intervention chosen with an attempt to help the child has the ability to address the personal and social aspects involved with that child. A good example is where you find a child failing to execute a certain task for the fear of how his colleagues might perceive him/her. This type of behavior is likely to affect him/her performance in the classroom. There is a need to come up with an intervention strategy that encompasses both personal and social aspects. In the long-run, the child will end up making great achievements.

The authors’ suggestion is built upon the development of an intervention that makes it easier to comprehend the relations between child performance and social behavior. The legal requirement of this approach is by use of Functional Behavioral Assessment. FBA makes it possible to understand the challenges being encountered by the relevant child.

The article asserts that there are various benefits likely to accrue to different stakeholders. For children, there will be an intervention to deal with the challenging behavior affecting them hence making it possible for them to improve their academic performances. School programs on the other hand, will have the ability to incorporate reinforcement of positive behavior and support skill development. Families on their part have been provided with an approach that will help confront behaviors challenging their children.

Question 4

1. The first step involves the identification of the child experiencing the disability prospect. Information about a student experiencing various learning disabilities and is in need of extra service might come from a variety of sources.
2. A meeting with all the individuals that are going to be involved in the IEP process. This might include general classroom teachers, special education teachers and parents. The parents should provide consent for the child to be involved in this process before the proceedings go further.
3. This step involves evaluation of the child to assess whether he is eligible for IEP. The evaluation team would incorporate a special education professional or the school psychologist. There might also be the presence of a vision specialist, physical therapist, a speech and visual pathologist among others.
4. If Watson is found eligible, there will be an assessment of various challenges he is facing. In this case, Watson has a problem with non-verbal communication and also experiences difficulties doing activities while in a large group. He is also not good at playing with his peers. Watson also experiences developmental delays in adaptive skills, language and communication, pre-academic skills and fine motor skills.
5. There will be an outline of short-term objectives and annual goals on the IEP. The areas that are going to be assessed under this respect are Daily living skills, social emotional/behavioral, communication development, writing, reading and math.
6. This will be followed by an outline of specific expectations. This is based on how Watson is expected to react to the IEP. There will also be an outline of modified behavior programs that parents or other relevant parties should utilize.
7. There will be an assessment of the programs, in order to get rid of the ones that are not working.

Question 5

Multidisciplinary Team Model

This model is characterized by the aspect of various professionals coming from different disciplines working independently of each other. It is more like the parallel play exhibited in young children. It is side by side, but separate. Another characteristic of this model is that the interaction among team members does not foster services that indicate the view of children as integrated and interactive aspects. This model also lacks in communication and coordination when it comes to services among team members.

Interdisciplinary Team Model

This model is characterized by formal channels of communication. This enables the members to share information and discuss individual results with each other. Another characteristic is that the model is envisaged with communication and interaction problems. This tends to affect the team process. Professionals are also responsible for work that is related to their specialty.

Transdisciplinary Team Model

The model is characterized by members accepting each other’s strengths and knowledge for the benefit of the child, team and family. The teams encompass professionals and parents.  The transdisciplinary approach also tries to conquer confines presented by individual discipline so as to develop teams that cross individual boundaries. This helps in maximizing cooperation, communication and interaction among team members. The model is also rooted in two beliefs. The first one is that children ought to be served within the context of the family. The next belief is that the development of children should be viewed as interactive and integrated.

Benefits of Transdisciplinary Team Model

The transdisciplinary model seems to have more benefits compared to the others based on the approaches used. The model tends to accommodate the viewpoints of every team member for the sake of the child. This aspect does not hinder the prospect of working in partnership. The teams usually have the ability to cross individual boundaries. Another benefit emanates on the aspect of the model requiring children to be served within the context of the family. This is a positive approach since the family tends to provide the child with a constant environment. Aspects of communication and coordination are also better in this model compared to the others.

References

Hojnoski, R. L., & Wood, B. K. (2012). Challenging Behavior and Early Academic Skill Development: An Integrated Approach to Assessment and Intervention. Young           Exceptional Children, 15(4), 29-40.

Yanuarti, H. P., Rusmil, K., & Effendi, S. H. (2014). Environment as a risk factor in delayed        development in premature, low-birthweight and mild asphyxia children. Pediatrics International Pediatr Int, 56(5), 720-725.

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