Article Analysis 1

Name of the Article and Bibliographic Citation

The name of the first article is Children and youth services review vol. 32,8. The bibliographic citation is Reynolds, Arthur J et al. “Preschool Education, Educational Attainment, and Crime Prevention: Contributions of Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills” Children and youth services review vol. 32,8 (2009): 1054-1063.

Summary/Abstract of the Article

The research was conducted by Arthur J. Reynolds, Judy A. Temple, and Suh-Ruu Ou and the topic of the research study is “Preschool Education, Educational Attainment, and Crime Prevention: Contributions of Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills.”

The researchers examined the degree to which the youth cognitive and no-cognitive skills justified the measured relationship between being a participant in preschool intervention and completing high school education, the best grade earned and the incarceration history in adolescent period or early adulthood.

This study was data-driven, and the researchers made use of data from the Chicago Longitudinal Study,research containing data of more than 1,500 youths to facilitate a two-decade-long investigation regarding a school-based Child-parent Center early intervention program.Reynolds et al. studied the significance of school preparedness and test score achievements up to the age of 14 years. They also assessed the contributions of remedial education, problem behavior, social adjustment, educational prospects, impetus, as well as a juvenile arrest to the measured direct impact of preschool.

 

 

 

The researchers conducted a hierarchical regression analysis and it was found that when evaluated independently, the cognitive factors contributed up to 42% of the preschool impact on the completion of high school education, while it accounted for 37% regarding the highest completed grade whereas it contributed for 23% on the imprisonment history by the age of twenty-four. On the other hand, the non-cognitive factors contributed 365, 45%, and 59% respectively.

Both factors, the cognitive and non-cognitive, elucidated the 46%, 51% as well as 59% of the significant impact of preschool involvement. Any set of cognitive skills had a higher value-added influence towards attainments in education whereas the non-cognitive skills indicated a higher value-added impact on imprisonment history.

Conclusions of the author

From the study findings, it was found that preschool involvement is related to higher educational achievements and decreased crime rate all as a function of promoting the non-cognitive and cognitive skills.

Contributions to the Field Of Study

The findings this research study contribute to the field of study by supporting the significant role of test scores, social and motivational factors as well as school performance by explaining the effects of adequate preschool involvement on economically critical well-being indicators.

 

 

 

 

Article Analysis 2

Name of the Article and Bibliographic Citation

The title of the first article is The relationship between youth crime and education. The bibliographic citation isRud, I. (2015). The relationship between youth crime and education. Maastricht: Maastricht University.

Summary/Abstract of the Article

Rud, and the topic of the research study is “The relationship between youth crime and education: an empirical literature review.” The researcher undertook a systematic literature review about the link between education and juvenile delinquency. To achieve this, he made robust studies on the various children as well as adolescent interventions, and they include early childhood interventions, early school-age interventions, and Adolescent interventions.

Rud administered a systematic literature review in the searching exercise; he made use of various keyword combinations relevant to the topic of interest. The researcher, then, performed a qualitative content analysis on the literature all the while focusing on three types of evidence and this included evidence regarding the educational impacts on crime, intervention reviews on education and crime, and the evidence on the influence of early participation in criminal activities on the educational results.

Conclusions of the author

Rud found out that for teenagers with low socio-economic status, early interventions always led to positive effects regarding delinquency and educational outcomes. Additionally, according to empirical evidence, education affects juvenile delinquency negatively.

 

Contributions to the Field Of Study

The research study merges two phenomena; educational and criminal economics. The main contribution of the study is that it offers a robust examination of the link between educational achievements and juvenile crime by making use of extensive data meanwhile evaluating the combinations of the various econometric techniques.

Furthermore, the study exposes a group of teenagers having poor educational attainment and thus at risk of becoming delinquent. They are, therefore, identified as the vulnerable target group. Additionally, the research offers more clarifications regarding the impact of the juvenile restorative system in consideration with the educational results. Finally, the evaluation of the effects of restorative youth justice systems on the educational attainments also contributes to the current debate about value and cost-efficiency of such programs across the globe.

Article Analysis 3

Name of the Article and Bibliographic Citation

The title of the first article is The effect of education on crime. The bibliographic citation isLochner, L., &Moretti, E. (2019, January 08). The impact of education on crime: Evidence from prison inmates, arrests, and self-reports.

Summary/Abstract of the Article

Lance Lochnerand Enrico Moretti conducted the research. The topic of the research study is “The effect of education on crime: Evidence from prison inmates, arrests, and self-reports.”          Lochner andMoretti examined the impact of education on delinquency by first analyzing the effects of schooling on imprisonment and the changes in the laws demanding compulsory school attendance over time.

The research was data-driven and the Lochner, and Moretti made use of the U.S Census data. The researchers first analyzed the effect of education on the probability of delinquency for males. The three public version Census report allowed them to identify the specific juvenile facilities and the inmates who had participated in the Census like the rest of the population. They devised a made-up variable equal to one in case the respondent was in a juvenile correctional institution.

After analysis, the researchers found out that the incarceration probability significantly declined with schooling. The educational achievement variations between the black and white accounted for the 23% black-white male incarceration gap rates. They also found that the change in school attendance laws affects educational attainment considerably. Lochner and Moretti further integrated their findings with the FBI incarceration data to distinguish the various types of crimes. They revealed that the effects of education are linked to murder, automotive theft, and assault.On examining the impact of education on self-reported crime, the authors discovered that their estimated incarcerations and arrests are not due to educational variations in the likelihood of imprisonment or detention due to a crime but due to the changes in the delinquent behavior.

Conclusions of the author

To determine the link between education and criminal involvement, the research study used data from various sources including Census on incarceration, arrest data, and self-report data on crime. The conclusions arrived at from all the data is that education reduces juvenile delinquency significantly.

Contributions to the Field Of Study

By examining and establishing the impact of education on criminal activities, the authors have contributed to the pool of study by exposing the magnitude of social return to schooling. This is especially important to economists interested in the importance, a concept on which emphasis has been directed to the private return to education over the years.

Article Analysis 4

Name of the Article and Bibliographic Citation

The title of the first article is The relationship between school and youth offending. The bibliographic citation isSutherland, A. (2011, November 31). The relationship between school and youth offending.

Summary/Abstract of the Article

, and the topic of the research study is “The relationship between school and youth offending.”Sutherland explored the concept of compulsory school from the perspective of the youth who committed severe crimes. He did this by listening to the story of each child who participated in the research study all the while trying to identify risk factors by which the school contribute towards the development of criminal offending pathways.The author employed the epistemological subject practice to guide his study based on the belief that social-based interactions are best examined from the perspective of the participant. By using the method of memory cards, the researcher interviewed 25 inmate participants making use of a set of 54 memory-jogging cards each relevant to school-related topics.

Conclusions of the author

The study findings indicated that a higher percentage of participants demonstrated severe and aggressive behaviors at the school environment and kept the negative memories of the schooling experience while still young. The author states that as much as there exists no evidence that school experience may facilitate a teenager’s criminal behavior, the accumulation of the measured negative experiences at school elevates the pre-existing risk factors. This will, in turn, expose the vulnerable teenager on the criminal offending pathway. Schools are in the best position to detect the youngsters who are most likely to get involved in juvenile delinquency and thus offer appropriate interventions promptly.

Contributions to the Field Of Study

Substantial research has been carried out investigating the risk factors influencing juvenile offending behavior. However, there is a scarcity of knowledge from qualitative studies describing how juvenile offenders view their schooling experience. This study fills in this gap in this field of study by analyzing the stories of the teenagers convicted of serious offenses thus bringing about a better grasp on the role of school experience in the pathway of juvenile delinquency.

 

References

Lochner, L., &Moretti, E. (2019, January 08). The effect of education on crime: Evidence from prison inmates, arrests, and self-reports. Retrieved February 21, 2019, from https://www.worldcat.org/title/effect-of-education-on-crime-evidence-from-prison-inmates-arrests-and-self-reports/oclc/48648089

Rud, I. (2015). The relationship between youth crime and educationMaastricht: Maastricht University

Reynolds, Arthur J et al. “Preschool Education, Educational Attainment, and Crime Prevention: Contributions of Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills” Children and youth services review vol. 32,8 (2009): 1054-1063.

Sutherland, A. (2011, November 31). The relationship between school and youth offending. Retrieved February 21, 2019, from https://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/journals-and-magazines/social-policy-journal/spj37/37-the-relationship-between-school-and-youth-offending.html

 

 

 
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