Question #1

Psychological changes arising due to aging are frequent in older patients. No individual likes aging and this could affect a patient psychologically. Therefore, as a nurse, educating the old-age adult patient will require the incorporation of the psychological measures and a healthy lifestyle to ensure that there are notable health improvements (Farias 35).

Question #2

Chronic obstructive pulmonary infection is a disorder that affects the ability of an individual to breath. Together with the fact that he is a smoker, his lungs were affected; hence, inhibiting the adequate intake of gas to enable appropriate gaseous exchange. Damaged alveoli are not able to perform an effective gaseous exchange.

Question #3

1. Assessment –The assessment of the condition will require an effective approach aimed at ensuring that the risks involved in tracheostomy through understanding both subjective data and objective data
2. Problem-focused nursing diagnoses – Here, the problem for diagnosis is the risk of the ineffective airway clearance due to the increased secretions that are secondary to the tracheostomy (Farias 91).
3. Pathophysiology – The pathophysiology involves the investigation of the condition as well as using tracheostomy in reviewing the state of the patient.
4. Nursing Outcomes – Respiratory nurses have a crucial role to play in the education of the patient, enhancement of the self-management techniques, as well as management of care. Nursing outcomes include a better and improved quality of healthcare(Farias 121).
5. Nursing Intervention – Respiratory nurses have a crucial role to play in the education of the patient, enhancement of the self-management techniques by the patients as well as management of care.
6. Rationale – The rationale will be through the application of a comprehensive nursing package in reviewing the patient’s needs.
7. Evaluation – this will be based on the feedback as well as the response to some of the proposed medications.

Works Cited

Farias, Terence P. Tracheostomy: A Surgical Guide. 7th ed., Springer, 2018.

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