Weight affects the breathing and digestive systems. After weight-loss surgery, the body’s digestive processes are altered depending on the procedure type. Comparatively, weight gain affects the performance of the respiratory system regarding homeostatic functions. Weight gain affects homeostasis, which the respiratory system is responsible for, but can be treated using various bariatric surgery procedures.

Surgery and Digestion

A gastric band surgery has several psychological implications. The doctor places a silicone band, which is adjustable, around the upper part of the stomach. The procedure does not interfere with the absorption of the nutrients like vitamins, but it impacts the digestion process. Food intake is done in small quantities to prevent throwing up (Maciejewski, Arterburn, & Olsen, 2016). Correspondingly, the food moves very slowly down the esophagus and the rest of the digestive system. The sleeve also controls the stoma, which is the stomach outlet between the upper and lower stomach parts. Hence, a person feels full faster. There is the likelihood of acid reflux, which occurs when the sphincter muscle allows acid to flow back into the esophagus.

Comparatively, the gastric sleeve has its physiological effects. In this procedure, the doctor reduces the size of a stomach in the shape of a sleeve by cutting out its portion (Meek, Lewis, Reimann, Gribble, & Park, 2016). The procedure results in minimal food intake. Hence, the individual only consumes very little food, like carbohydrates, and chews very cautiously to avoid throwing up. Even so, it does not render the mouth unable to digest food.

Equally, the patient should be aware of the implications of a gastrointestinal bypass. The procedure entails reducing the size of the stomach and permitting food to bypass a part of the small intestine (Meek et al., 2016). Correspondingly, food travels from the stomach directly to the lower part of the intestines. In effect, the body is incapable of absorbing calories and vitamins. It means that the body would not absorb carbohydrates from the meal the patient had. The procedure also permits the unregulated growth of bacteria in the small intestine, which may inhibit the absorption of nutrients. The fast movement of food also causes diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal cramps.

I would recommend a gastric band. In view of all the physiological impacts, the band is the safest option. Notably, it can be adjusted or removed unlike the gastric sleeve (Maciejewski et al., 2016). Additionally, it does not harbor the absorption process of food, unlike the gastric bypass procedure.

Weight Gain on Respiratory System

The respiratory system aids in maintaining homeostasis. The exchange of gas and regulation of blood pH are functions that promote the homeostasis (Shukla & Koumbourlis, 2018). Gas exchange eliminates carbon (IV) oxide, which if left to accumulate could raise the blood pH. Comparatively, oxygen is taken in and used for energy production in the mitochondria for the body.

Wight gain has adverse outcomes for homeostasis. Being overweight interferes with the respiratory function by reducing the lung volume and functional residual capacity. The excess body fat lining the chest and occupying the abdomen limits the performance of the respiratory muscles, which changes the structure of the system (Shukla & Koumbourlis, 2018). In effect, the ribs and diaphragm are unable to move, causing mechanical impairment and less compliance. The extra weight also hampers with the lung volume. The functional residual capacity (FRC), which reduces with weight gain, forces patients to breathe more to meet the oxygen requirements. Added to the strain the fat puts on the diaphragm, the system experiences fatigue fairly quickly.

Weight gain affects homeostasis, which the respiratory system is responsible for, but can be treated using various bariatric surgery procedures. The three procedures, gastrointestinal bypass, gastric band, and gastric sleeves, which the patient should consider as they impact the digestive system. It would be recommendable for the patient to go for the gastric band because it is removable. Weight gain, comparatively, affects the homeostasis of the body as it requires extra effort for the respiratory system to supply enough oxygen to the body and get rid of waste gases.

References

Maciejewski, M. L., Arterburn, D. E., & Olsen, M. K. (2016). Bariatric surgery and long-term durability of weight loss. JAMA surgery, 151(11), 1046-1055.

Meek, C. L., Lewis, H. B., Reimann, F., Gribble, F. M., & Park, A. J. (2016). The effect of bariatric surgery on gastrointestinal and pancreatic peptide hormones. Peptides, 77, 28-37.

Shukla, P. J., & Koumbourlis, A. C. (2018). Pulmonary Complications of Obesity. In Pulmonary Complications of Non-Pulmonary Pediatric Disorders (pp. 209-218). Humana Press, Cham.